Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Volume 7, Issue 3 , Pages 124-131 , July 2005

Endoscopic Hemostasis of Ulcer Hemorrhage with Injection, Thermal, and Combination Methods

  • Dennis M. Jensen, MD

      Affiliations

    • CURE Digestive Diseases Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA.
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Dennis M. Jensen, MD, CURE Digestive Diseases Research Center, Building 115, Rm. 318, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90073-1003.
    • ,
  • Gustavo A. Machicado, MD

      Affiliations

    • CURE Digestive Diseases Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA.
    • Northridge Hospital Medical Center, Van Nuys, CA.

References 

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  2. Kovacs TOG , Jensen DM . Therapeutic endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal bleeding . In:  Taylor MB ,  Gollan J ,  Peppercorn MA , et al. editor. Gastrointestinal Emergencies . (ed 2). Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 1997;p. 181–188
  3. Lin HJ , Wang K , Perng CL , et al.   Early or delayed endoscopy for patients with peptic ulcer bleeding (a prospective randomized study) . J Clin Gastroenterol . 1996;22:267–271
  4. Spiegel B , Vakil N , Ofman J . Endoscopy for acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage (is sooner better? A systematic review) . Arch Intern Med . 2001;161:1393–1404
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  6. Hay JA , Maldonado L , Weingarten SR , et al.   Prospective evaluation of a clinical guideline recommending hospital length of stay in upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage . J Am Med Assoc . 1997;278:2151–2156
  7. Savides TJ , Jensen DM . Therapeutic endoscopy for nonvariceal gastrointestinal bleeding . Gastroenterol Clin North Am . 2000;29:465–487
  8. Jensen DM . Thermal probe or combination therapy for non-variceal UGI hemorrhage . Tech Gastrointest Endosc . 1999;1:107–114
  9. Jensen DM , Mawas I , Lousuebsakul V , et al.   Changes in the prevalence of different diagnoses for UGI hemorrhage in the last two decades . Gastrointest Endosc . 2003;57:AB147–M1796
  10. Jensen DM , Savides T , Sitzer M , et al.   Demographics, risk factors, and outcomes of peptic ulcer hemorrhage in the United States (results of a large multicenter study) . Gastroenterology . 2003;124:A17–A136
  11. Johnston JH , Jensen DM , Auth D . Experimental comparison of endoscopic Yttrium-aluminum-Garnet laser, electrosurgery, and heater probe for canine gut arterial coagulation (the importance of vessel compression and avoidance of tissue erosion) . Gastroenterology . 1987;92:1101–1108
  12. Jensen DM , Chaves DM , Grund KE . Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of watermelon stomach . Endoscopy . 2004;36:640–647
  13. Morris DL , Brearley S , Thompson H , et al.   A comparison of the efficacy and depth of gastric wall injury with 3.2- and 2.3-mm bipolar probes in canine arterial hemorrhage . Gastrointest Endosc . 1985;31:361–363
  14. Laine L . Determination of the optimal technique for bipolar electrocoagulation treatment (an experimental evaluation of the BICAP and Gold probes) . Gastroenterology . 1991;100:107–112
  15. Swain CP , Mills TN , Shemesh E , et al.   Which electrode? A comparison of four endoscopic methods of electrocoagulation in experimental bleeding ulcers . Gut . 1984;25:1424–1431
  16. Jensen DM . Heat probe for hemostasis of bleeding peptic ulcers (technique and results of randomized controlled trials) . Gastrointest Endosc . 1990;36:S42–S49
  17. Randall GA , Jensen DM , Hirabayashi K , et al.   Controlled study of different sclerosing agents for coagulation of canine gut arteries . Gastroenterology . 1989;96:1271–1281
  18. Lai KM , Peng SN , Guo WS , et al.   Endoscopic injection for the treatment of bleeding ulcers (local tamponade or drug effect?) . Endoscopy . 1994;26:338–341
  19. Laine L , Stein C , Sharma V . A prospective outcome study of patients with clot in an ulcer and the effect of irrigation . Gastrointest Endosc . 1996;43:107–110
  20. Jensen DM , Kovacs TOG , Juthaba R , et al.   Final results and cost assessment of endoscopic vs. medical therapies for prevention of recurrent ulcer hemorrhage from adherent clots in a randomized controlled trial . Gastrointest Endosc . 1995;365:A279
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  22. Jensen DM , Kovacs TOG , Jutabha R , et al.   Randomized trial of medical or endoscopic therapy to prevent recurrent ulcer hemorrhage in patients with adherent clots . Gastroenterology . 2002;123:407–413
  23. Bini EJ , Cohen J . Endoscopic treatment compared to medical therapy for the prevention of recurrent ulcer hemorrhage in patients with adherent clots . Gastrointest Endosc . 2003;58:707–714
  24. Sung JJ , Chan FK , Lau JY , et al.   The effect of endoscopic therapy in patients receiving omeprazole for bleeding ulcers with nonbleeding visible vessels or adherent clots. A randomized comparison . Ann Intern Med . 2003;139:237–243
  25. Kahi CJ , Jensen DM , Sung JJY , et al.   Endoscopic versus medical therapy for bleeding peptic ulcers with adherent clots (a meta-analysis) . ACG Abstracts . 2004;115:42A
  26. Chung SS , Lau JY , Sung JJ , et al.   Randomized comparison between adrenaline injection alone and adrenaline injection plus heat probe treatment for actively bleeding ulcers . Br Med J . 1997;314:1307–1311
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  28. Jensen DM , Kovacs T , Randall G , et al.   Prospective study of thermal coagulation (Gold probe) vs. combination injection and thermal treatment of high risk patients with severe ulcer or Mallory Weiss bleeding . Gastrointest Endosc . 1994;40:2:#42. P25
  29. Jensen DM . Where next with endoscopic ulcer hemostasis? . Am J Gastroenterol . 2002;97:2161–2165
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  31. Lin H-J , Perng C-L , Sun I-C , et al.   Endoscopic hemoclip versus heater probe thermocoagulation plus hypertonic saline-epinephrine injection for peptic ulcer bleeding . Dig Liver Dis . 2003;35:898–902
  32. Saltzman J , Walsh S , Di Sena V , et al.   Prospective trial of endoscopic clip versus combination therapy in upper GI bleeding (PROTECCT-UGI Bleeding) (Abstract) . Gastrointest Endosc . 2004;59:AB109.612
  33. Jensen DM , Kovacs TOG , Jutabha R , et al.   Randomized prospective study of bipolar coagulation alone compared to combination epinephrine injection and bipolar coagulation for prevention of rebleeding from ulcers with non-bleeding visible vessels . Gastrointest Endosc . 2000;51:AB130:3576
  34. Brullet E , Calvet X , Campo R , et al.   Factors predicting failure of endoscopic injection therapy in bleeding duodenal ulcer . Gastrointest Endosc . 1996;43:111–116
  35. Chung IK , Ham JS , Kim HS , et al.   Comparison of the hemostatic efficacy of the endoscopic hemoclip method with hypertonic saline-epinephrine injection and a combination of the two for the management of bleeding peptic ulcers . Gastrointest Endosc . 1999;49:13–18
  36. Chung SCS , Leung JWC , Steele RJC , et al.   Endoscopic injection of adrenaline for actively bleeding ulcers (a randomized trial) . Br Med J . 1988;296:1631–1633
  37. Patchett SE , Enright H , Afdhal N , et al.   Clot lysis by gastric juice (an in vitro study) . Gut . 1989;30:1704–1707
  38. Erstad BL . Proton-pump inhibitors for acute peptic ulcer bleeding . Ann Pharmacother . 2001;35:730–740
  39. Khuroo MS , Yattoo GN , Javid G , et al.   A comparison of omeprazole and placebo for bleeding peptic ulcer . N Engl J Med . 1997;336:1054–1058
  40. Lau JYW , Sung JJY , Lee KKC , et al.   Effect of intravenous omeprazole on recurrent bleeding after endoscopic treatment of peptic ulcers . N Engl J Med . 2000;343:310–316
  41. Lin HJ , Lo WC , Lee FY , et al.   A prospective randomized comparative trial showing that omeprazole prevents rebleeding in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer after successful endoscopic therapy . Arch Intern Med . 1998;158:54–58
  42. Lau JY , Sung JJ , Lam YH , et al.   Endoscopic retreatment compared with surgery in patients with recurrent bleeding after initial endoscopic control of bleeding ulcers . N Engl J Med . 1999;340:751–756
  43. Jensen DM , Kovacs TOG , Yuan JL , et al.   Inpatient ulcer hemorrhage compared to outpatient hemorrhage (an analysis of prospective CURE trials for risk factors, rebleeding, and outcomes) . Gastroenterology . 2005;128:A639-W1570

PII: S1096-2883(05)00031-8

doi: 10.1016/j.tgie.2005.04.009

Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Volume 7, Issue 3 , Pages 124-131 , July 2005

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