Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Volume 10, Issue 1 , Pages 31-35 , January 2008

Risks of Endoscopic Hemostasis

  • John R. Saltzman, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to John R. Saltzman, MD, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115.

References 

  1. Froehlich F, Schwizer W, Thorens J, et al. Conscious sedation for gastroscopy: patient tolerance and cardiorespiratory parameters. Gastroenterology. 1995;108:697–704
  2. Gangi S, Saidi F, Patel K, et al. Cardiovascular complications after GI endoscopy: occurrence and risks in a large hospital system. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004;60:679–685
  3. Cappell MS. The safety and clinical utility of esophagogastroduodenoscopy for acute gastrointestinal bleeding after myocardial infarction: a six-year study of 42 endoscopies in 34 consecutive patients at two university teaching hospital. Am J Gastroenterol. 1993;88:344–350
  4. Cappell MS, Iacovone FM. Safety and efficacy of esophagogastroduodenoscopy after myocardial infarction. Am J Med. 1999;106:29–35
  5. Lee CT, Huang SP, Cheng TY, et al. Factors associated with myocardial infarction after emergency endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in high-risk patients: a prospective observational study. Am J Emerg Med. 2007;25:49–52
  6. Chen CC, Chong CF, Kuo CD, et al. Silent myocardial ischemia in coronary artery disease patients under aspirin therapy presenting with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;22:13–17
  7. Lee JG, Krucoff MW, Brazer SR. Periprocedural myocardial ischemia in patients with severe symptomatic coronary artery disease undergoing endoscopy: prevalence and risk factors. Am J Med. 1995;99:270–275
  8. Lipper B, Douglas S, Cerrone F. Pulmonary aspiration during emergency endoscopy in patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Crit Care Med. 1991;330–333
  9. Rudolph SJ, Landsverk BK, Freeman ML. Endotracheal intubation for airway protection during endoscopy for severe upper GI hemorrhage. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003;57:58–61
  10. Hart R, Clasen M. Complications of diagnostic gastrointestinal endoscopy. Endoscopy. 1990;22:229–233
  11. Gilbert DA, Silverstein FE, Tedesco FJ, et al. The national ASGE survey on upper gastrointestinal bleeding: complications of endoscopy. Dig Dis Sci. 1981;26:55S–59S
  12. Bedford RA, van Stolk R, Sivak M, et al. Gastric perforation after endoscopic treatment of a Dieulafoy’s lesion. Am J Gastroenterol. 1992;87:244–247
  13. Lin HJ, Tseng GY, Perng CL, et al. Comparison of adrenaline injection and bipolar electrocoagulation for the arrest of peptic ulcer bleeding. Gut. 1999;44:715–719
  14. Lin HJ, Hsieh YH, Tseng GY, et al. A prospective, randomized trial of large- versus small-volume endoscopic injection of epinephrine for peptic ulcer bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;55:615–619
  15. Liou TC, Lin SC, Wang HY, et al. Optimal injection volume of epinephrine for endoscopic treatment of peptic ulcer bleeding. World J Gastroenterol. 2006;12:3108–3113
  16. Stevens PD, Lebwohl O. Hypertensive emergency and ventricular tachycardia after endoscopic epinephrine injection of a Mallory-Weiss tear. Gastrointest Endosc. 1994;40:77–78
  17. Von Delius S, Thies P, Umgelter A, et al. Hemodynamics after endoscopic submucosal injection of epinephrine in patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a matter of concern. Endoscopy. 2006;38:1284–1288
  18. Hilzenrat N, Lemoureux E, Alpert L. Gastric ischemia after epinephrine injection for upper GI bleeding in a patient with unsuspected amyloidosis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003;58:307–308
  19. Yen HH, Chen YY, Su WW, et al. Intestinal necrosis as a complication of epinephrine injection therapy during double-balloon enteroscopy. Endoscopy. 2006;38:542
  20. Schuman BM, Beckman JW, Tedesco FJ, et al. Complications of injection sclerotherapy: a review. Am J Gastroenterol. 1987;87:823–830
  21. Laine L, Cook D. Endoscopic ligation compared with sclerotherapy for treatment of esophageal variceal bleeding (A meta-analysis). Ann Intern Med. 1995;123:280–287
  22. Stiegmann GV, Goff JS, Michaletz-Onody PA, et al. Endoscopic sclerotherapy as compared with endoscopic ligation for bleeding esophageal varices. N Engl J Med. 1992;326:1527–1532
  23. Saltzman JR, Arora S. Complications of esophageal variceal band ligation. Gastrointest Endosc. 1993;39:185–186
  24. Holderman WH, Etzkorn KP, Patel SA, et al. Endoscopic findings and overtube-related complications associated with esophageal variceal ligation. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1995;21:91–94
  25. Berkelhammer C, Madhav G, Lyon S, et al. “Pinch” injury during overtube placement in upper endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 1993;39:186–188
  26. Denert B, Ramirez FC, Sanowski RA. A prospective evaluation of the endoscopic spectrum of overtube-related esophageal mucosal injury. Gastrointest Endosc. 1997;45:134–137
  27. Goldschmiedt M, Haber G, Kandel G, et al. A safety maneuver for placing overtubes during endoscopic variceal ligation. Gastrointest Endosc. 1992;38:399–400
  28. Mishin I, Dolghii A. Early spontaneous slippage of rubber bands with fatal bleeding: a rare complication of endoscopic variceal ligation. Endoscopy. 2005;37:275–276
  29. Bernard B, Grange JD, Khac EN, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: a meta-analysis. Hepatology. 1999;29:1655–1661
  30. Soares-Weiser K, Brezis M, Tur-Kaspa R, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis of bacterial infections in cirrhotic inpatients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2003;38:193–200
  31. Hou MC, Lin HC, Liu TT, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis after endoscopic therapy prevents rebleeding in acute variceal hemorrhage: a randomized trial. Hepatology. 2004;39:746–753
  32. Przemioslo RT, McNair A, Williams R. Thrombin is effective in arresting bleeding from gastric variceal hemorrhage. Dig Dis Sci. 1999;44:778–781
  33. Huang YH, Yeh HZ, Chen GH, et al. Endoscopic treatment of bleeding gastric varices by N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl) injection: long-term efficacy and safety. Gastrointest Endosc. 2000;52:160–167
  34. Türler A, Wolff M, Dorlars D, et al. Embolic and septic complications after sclerotherapy of fundic varices with cyanoacrylate. Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;53:228–230
  35. Alexander S, Korman MG, Sievert W. Cyanoacrylate in the treatment of gastric varices complicated by multiple pulmonary emboli. Intern Med J. 2006;36:462–465
  36. Saracco G, Giordanino C, Roberto N, et al. Fatal multiple systemic embolisms after injection of cyanoacrylate in bleeding gastric varices of a patient who was noncirrhotic but with idiopathic portal hypertension. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;65:345–347
  37. Roesch W, Rexroth G. Pulmonary, cerebral and coronary emboli during bucrylate injection of bleeding fundic varices. Endoscopy. 1998;30:S89–S90
  38. Jensen DM, Machicado GA, Jutabha R, et al. Urgent colonoscopy for the diagnosis and treatment of severe diverticular hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:78–82
  39. Tominaga K, Saigusa Y, Fujinuma S, et al. Colonic perforation after endoclip placement for delayed post-endoscopic-resection bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;64:839–841
  40. Fujishiro M, Yahagi N, Nakamura M, et al. Submucosal injection of normal saline may prevent tissue damage from argon plasma coagulation: an experimental study using resected porcine esophagus, stomach, and colon. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2006;16:307–311
  41. Goulet CJ, Disario JA, Emerson L, et al. In vivo evaluation of argon plasma coagulation in a porcine model. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;65:457–462
  42. Ben-Soussan E, Antonietti M, Savoye G, et al. Argon plasma coagulation in the treatment of hemorrhagic radiation proctitis is efficient but requires a perfect colonic cleansing to be safe. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004;16:1315–1318

PII: S1096-2883(07)00052-6

doi: 10.1016/j.tgie.2007.08.008

Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Volume 10, Issue 1 , Pages 31-35 , January 2008

Article Tools