Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Volume 9, Issue 4 , Pages 236-241 , October 2007

Risks of Endoscopy in Special Populations: The Pregnant and the Elderly

  • David J. Hass, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to David J. Hass, MD, Gastroenterology Center of Connecticut, 2200 Whitney Avenue, Suite 360, Hamden, CT 06518.

References 

  1. Cooper GS. Indications and contraindications for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc Clin North Am. 1994;4:439–454
  2. Newcomer MK, Brazer SR. Complications of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and their management. Gastrointest Endosc Clin North Am. 1994;4:551–570
  3. Cappell MS. The fetal safety and clinical efficacy of gastrointestinal endoscopy during pregnancy. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2003;32:123–179
  4. ASGE guidelines for endoscopy in pregnant and lactating women. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005;61:357–362
  5. Kammerer WS. Non-obstetric surgery during pregnancy. Med Clin North Am. 1979;63:1157–1164
  6. Dark DS, Campbell DR, Wesselius U. Arterial oxygen desaturation during gastrointestinal endoscopy. Am J Gastroenterol. 1990;85:1317–1321
  7. Rozen F, Fireman Z, Gilat T. The causes of hypoxemia in elderly patients during endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 1982;28:243–246
  8. Hampton KK, Grant PJ, Primrose J, et al. Haemostatic responses and vasopressin release during colonoscopy in man. Clin Sci. 1991;81:257–260
  9. Lieberman DA, Wuerker CK, Katon RM. Cardiopulmonary risk of esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Gastroenterology. 1985;88:468–472
  10. Qureshi WA, Rajan E, Adler DG, et al. American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: ASGE guideline: Guidelines for endoscopy in pregnant and lactating women. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005;61:357–362
  11. Heinonen OP, Stone D, Shapiro S. Birth Defects and Drugs in Pregnancy. Boston, MA: John Wright; 1982;
  12. Morrison JC, Wiser WL, Rosser SI, et al. Metabolites of meperidine related to fetal depression. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1973;115:1132–1137
  13. Hodgkinson R, Bhatt M, Grewal G, et al. Neonatal neurobehavior in the first 48 hours of life: effect of the administration of meperidine with and without naloxone in the mother. Pediatrics. 1978;62:294–298
  14. Freeman ML. Sedation and monitoring for gastrointestinal endoscopy. In:  Yamada T,  Alpers DH,  Laine L editor. Textbook of Gastroenterology. (ed 3). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1999;p. 2655–2667
  15. Martin LV, Jurand A. The absence of teratogenic effects of some analgesics used in anesthesia; additional evidence from the mouse model. Anesthesia. 1992;47:473–476
  16. Carrie LE, O’Sullivan GM, Seegobin R. Epidural fentanyl in labour. Anaesthesia. 1981;36:965–969
  17. Lindemann R. Respiratory muscle rigidity in a preterm infant after use of fentanyl during Caesarean section. Eur J Pediatr. 1998;157:1012–1013
  18. Gin T. Propofol during pregnancy. Acta Anesthesiol Sin. 1994;32:127–132
  19. Safra MJ, Oakley GP. Association between cleft lip with or without cleft palate and prenatal exposure to diazepam. Lancet. 1975;2:478–480
  20. Safra MJ, Oakley GP. Valium: an oral cleft teratogen?. Cleft Palate J. 1976;13:198–200
  21. Bracken MB, Holford TR. Exposure to prescribed drugs in pregnancy and association with congenital malformations. Obstet Gynecol. 1981;58:336–344
  22. Haram K. “Floppy infant syndrome” and maternal diazepam. Lancet. 1977;2:612–613
  23. Rementeria JL, Bhatt K. Withdrawal symptoms in neonates from intrauterine exposure to diazepam. J Pediatr. 1977;90:123–126
  24. Briggs GG, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ. Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation: A Reference Guide to Fetal and Neonatal Risk. (ed 6). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams, & Wilkins; 2002;
  25. Cappell MS, Colon V, Sidhom OA. A study of eight medical centers of the safety of and clinical efficacy of esophagogastroduodenoscopy in 83 pregnant females with follow-up of fetal outcome and with comparison to control groups. Am J Gastroenterol. 1996;91:348–354
  26. McCall ML, Wechsler RL, Anzalone JT, et al. Endoscopic studies of esophagus and stomach during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1961;82:1125–1133
  27. Curran D, Lorenz R, Czako P. Gastric outlet obstruction at 30 weeks’ gestation. Obstet Gynecol. 1999;93:851
  28. Homburg R, Bayer I, Lurie B. Bleeding esophageal varices in pregnancy: a report of two cases. J Reprod Med. 1988;33:784–786
  29. Rodesch F, Camus M, Ermans AM, et al. Adverse effect of amniofetography on fetal thyroid function. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1976;126:723–736
  30. Jamidar PA, Beck GJ, Hoffman BJ, et al. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in pregnancy. Am J Gastroenterol. 1995;90:1263–1267
  31. Farca A, Aguilar ME, Rodriguez G, et al. Biliary stents as temporary treatment for choledocholithiasis in pregnant patients. Gastrointest Endosc. 1997;46:99–101
  32. Cappell MS, Sidhom O. Multicenter multiyear study of safety and efficacy of flexible sigmoidoscopy during pregnancy in 24 females with follow-up of fetal outcome. Dig Dis Sci. 1995;40:256–262
  33. Yamaji Y, Mitsushima T, Ikuma H, et al. Right-side shift of colorectal adenomas with aging. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;63:453–458
  34. ASGE guidelines: modifications in endoscopic practice for the elderly. Gastrointest Endosc. 2000;52:849–851
  35. Bourke ME. The patient with a pacemaker or related device. Can J Anesth. 1996;43:24–41
  36. Technology Status Evaluation Report (Electrocautery use in patients with implanted cardiac devices). Gastrointest Endosc. 1994;40:794–795
  37. Katsinelos P, Paroutoglou G, Kountouras J, et al. Efficacy and safety of therapeutic ERCP in patients 90 years of age and older. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;63:417–423
  38. Akhtar A. Safety and efficacy of colonoscopy in the elderly: is the juice worth the squeeze? (Experience in an inner-city hospital serving African-American and Hispanic patients). 2007;Presented at DDW, Washington DC, Abstract A696

PII: S1096-2883(07)00054-X

doi: 10.1016/j.tgie.2007.08.015

Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Volume 9, Issue 4 , Pages 236-241 , October 2007

Article Tools