Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Volume 11, Issue 3 , Pages 114-117 , July 2009

Hepatic hydrothorax: current approaches to diagnosis and therapy

  • Andrew R. Haas, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Section of Interventional Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Andrew R. Haas, MD, PhD, Section of Interventional Pulmonary and Thoracic Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, 823 West Gates Building, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104
    • ,
  • Michael S. Machuzak, MD

      Affiliations

    • Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio

References 

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  4. Rubinstein D, McInnes IE, Dudley FJ. Hepatic hydrothorax in the absence of clinical ascites: diagnosis and management. Gastroenterology. 1985;88:188–191
  5. Kirsch CM, Chui DW, Yenokida GG, et al. Case report: Hepatic hydrothorax without ascites. Am J Med Sci. 1991;302:103–106
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  9. Lieberman FL, Hidemura R, Peters RL, et al. Pathogenesis and treatment of hydrothorax complicating cirrhosis with ascites. Ann Intern Med. 1966;64:341–351
  10. Milanez de Campos JR, Filho LO, de Campos Werebe E, et al. Thoracoscopy and talc poudrage in the management of hepatic hydrothorax. Chest. 2000;118:13–17
  11. Nakamura A, Kojima Y, Ohmi H, et al. Peritoneal-pleural communications in hepatic hydrothorax demonstrated by thoracoscopy. Chest. 1996;109:579–581
  12. Cerfolio RJ, Bryant AS. Efficacy of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery with talc pleurodesis for porous diaphragm syndrome in patients with refractory hepatic hydrothorax. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006;82:457–459
  13. Takayama T, Kurokawa Y, Kaiwa Y, et al. A new technique of thoracoscopic pleurodesis for refractory hepatic hydrothorax. Surg Endosc. 2004;18:140–143
  14. Johnston RF, Loo RV. Hepatic hydrothorax: studies to determine the source of the fluid and report of thirteen cases. Ann Intern Med. 1964;61:385–401
  15. Lieberman FL, Peters RL. Cirrhotic hydrothorax (Further evidence that an acquired diaphragmatic defect is at fault). Arch Intern Med. 1970;125:114–117
  16. Datta N, Mishkin FS, Vasinrapee P, et al. Radionuclide demonstration of peritoneal-pleural communication as a cause for pleural fluid. J Am Med Assoc. 1984;252:210
  17. Benet A, Vidal F, Toda R, et al. Diagnosis of hepatic hydrothorax in the absence of ascites by intraperitoneal injection of 99m-Tc-Fluor colloid. Postgrad Med J. 1992;68:153
  18. Xiol X, Castellote J, Baliellas C, et al. Spontaneous bacterial empyema in cirrhotic patients: analysis of eleven cases. J Hepatol. 1990;11:365–370
  19. Xiol X, Castellvi JM, Guardiola J, et al. Spontaneous bacterial empyema in cirrhotic patients: a prospective study. J Hepatol. 1996;23:719–723
  20. Runyon BA Practice Guidelines Committee. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) (Management of adult patients with ascites due to cirrhosis). J Hepatol. 2004;39:841–856
  21. Runyon BA, Greenblatt M, Ming RH. Hepatic hydrothorax is a relative contraindication to chest tube insertion. Am J Gastroenterol. 1986;81:566–567
  22. Ferrante D, Arguedas MR, Cerfolio RJ, et al. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery with talc pleurodesis in the management of symptomatic hepatic hydrothorax. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97:3172–3175
  23. Mouroux J, Perrin C, Venissac N, et al. Management of pleural effusion of cirrhotic origin. Chest. 1996;109:1093–1096
  24. Gordon FD, Anastopoulos HT, Crenshaw W, et al. The successful treatment of symptomatic, refractory hepatic hydrothorax with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. J Hepatol. 1997;25:1366–1369
  25. Siegerstetter V, Deibert P, Ochs A, et al. Treatment of refractory hepatic hydrothorax with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: long-term results in 40 patients. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2001;13:529–534
  26. Spencer EB, Cohen DT, Darcy MD. Safety and efficacy of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation for the treatment of hepatic hydrothorax. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2002;13:385–390
  27. Xiol X, Tremosa G, Castellote J, et al. Liver transplantation in patients with hepatic hydrothorax. Transpl Int. 2005;18:672–675

 The authors report no direct financial interests that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted manuscript.

PII: S1096-2883(09)00032-1

doi: 10.1016/j.tgie.2009.06.008

Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Volume 11, Issue 3 , Pages 114-117 , July 2009

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