Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Volume 12, Issue 1 , Pages 2-11 , January 2010

Advancements in endoscopic imaging for the detection of esophageal dysplasia and carcinoma

  • Herbert C. Wolfsen, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
    • Mayo Medical School, Rochester, Minnesota
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Herbert C. Wolfsen, MD, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224

References 

  1. Spechler SJ, Goyal RK. The columnar-lined esophagus, intestinal metaplasia, and Norman Barrett. Gastroenterology. 1996;110:614–621
  2. Bruno MJ. Magnification endoscopy, high resolution endoscopy, and chromoscopy; towards a better optical diagnosis. Gut. 2003;52(suppl 4):iv7–iv11
  3. Kara MA, Smits ME, Rosmolen WD, et al. A randomized crossover study comparing light-induced fluorescence endoscopy with standard videoendoscopy for the detection of early neoplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005;61:671–678
  4. Davila RE. Chromoendoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2009;19:193–208
  5. Curvers WL, Kiesslich R, Bergman JJ. Novel imaging modalities in the detection of oesophageal neoplasia. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2008;22:687–720
  6. Wong Kee Song LM, Adler DG, Chand B, et al. Chromoendoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;66:639–649
  7. Dawsey SM, Fleischer DE, Wang GQ, et al. Mucosal iodine staining improves endoscopic visualization of squamous dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus in Linxian, China. Cancer. 1998;83:220–231
  8. Katada C, Muto M, Manabe T, et al. Local recurrence of squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus after EMR. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005;61:219–225
  9. Woolf GM, Riddell RH, Irvine EJ, et al. A study to examine agreement between endoscopy and histology for the diagnosis of columnar lined (Barrett's) esophagus. Gastrointest Endosc. 1989;35:541–544
  10. Overholt BF, Panjehpour M, Halberg DL. Photodynamic therapy for Barrett's esophagus with dysplasia and/or early stage carcinoma: Long-term results. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003;58:183–188
  11. Shimizu Y, Tukagoshi H, Fujita M, et al. Metachronous squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus arising after endoscopic mucosal resection. Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;54:190–194
  12. Seitz JF, Monges G, Navarro P, et al. Endoscopic detection of dysplasia and subclinical cancer of the esophagus (Results of a prospective study using toluidine blue vital staining in 100 patients with alcoholism and smoking). Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 1990;14:15–21
  13. Guelrud M, Herrera I. Acetic acid improves identification of remnant islands of Barrett's epithelium after endoscopic therapy. Gastrointest Endosc. 1998;47:512–515
  14. Guelrud M, Herrera I, Essenfeld H, et al. Enhanced magnification endoscopy: A new technique to identify specialized intestinal metaplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;53:559–565
  15. Hoffman A, Kiesslich R, Bender A, et al. Acetic acid-guided biopsies after magnifying endoscopy compared with random biopsies in the detection of Barrett's esophagus: A prospective randomized trial with crossover design. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;64:1–8
  16. Ferguson DD, DeVault KR, Krishna M, et al. Enhanced magnification-directed biopsies do not increase the detection of intestinal metaplasia in patients with GERD. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101:1611–1616
  17. Sharma P, Weston AP, Topalovski M, et al. Magnification chromoendoscopy for the detection of intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia in Barrett's oesophagus. Gut. 2003;52:24–27
  18. Sharma P, Marcon N, Wani S, et al. Non-biopsy detection of intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus: A prospective multicenter study. Endoscopy. 2006;38:1206–1212
  19. Amano Y, Kushiyama Y, Ishihara S, et al. Crystal violet chromoendoscopy with mucosal pit pattern diagnosis is useful for surveillance of short-segment Barrett's esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100:21–26
  20. Kara MA, Peters FP, Rosmolen WD, et al. High-resolution endoscopy plus chromoendoscopy or narrow-band imaging in Barrett's esophagus: A prospective randomized crossover study. Endoscopy. 2005;37:929–936
  21. Canto MI, Setrakian S, Petras RE, et al. Methylene blue selectively stains intestinal metaplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Gastrointest Endosc. 1996;44:1–7
  22. Egger K, Werner M, Meining A, et al. Biopsy surveillance is still necessary in patients with Barrett's oesophagus despite new endoscopic imaging techniques. Gut. 2003;52:18–23
  23. Gossner L, Pech O, May A, et al. Comparison of methylene blue-directed biopsies and four-quadrant biopsies in the detection of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and early cancer in Barrett's oesophagus. Dig Liver Dis. 2006;38:724–729
  24. Canto MI, Setrakian S, Willis J, et al. Methylene blue-directed biopsies improve detection of intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Gastrointest Endosc. 2000;51:560–568
  25. Wo JM, Ray MB, Mayfield-Stokes S, et al. Comparison of methylene blue-directed biopsies and conventional biopsies in the detection of intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus: A preliminary study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;54:294–301
  26. Ragunath K, Krasner N, Raman VS, et al. A randomized, prospective cross-over trial comparing methylene blue-directed biopsy and conventional random biopsy for detecting intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Endoscopy. 2003;35:998–1003
  27. Lim CH, Rotimi O, Dexter SP, et al. Randomized crossover study that used methylene blue or random 4-quadrant biopsy for the diagnosis of dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;64:195–199
  28. Canto MI, Kalloo A. Chromoendoscopy for Barrett's esophagus in the twenty-first century: To stain or not to stain?. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;64:200–205
  29. Ormeci N, Savas B, Coban S, et al. The usefulness of chromoendoscopy with methylene blue in Barrett's metaplasia and early esophageal carcinoma. Surg Endosc. 2008;22:693–700
  30. Armstrong D. Review article: Towards consistency in the endoscopic diagnosis of Barrett's oesophagus and columnar metaplasia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2004;20(suppl 5):40–47discussion 61-62
  31. Canto MI. Chromoendoscopy and magnifying endoscopy for Barrett's esophagus. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005;3:S12–S15
  32. Ngamruengphong S, Sharma V, Das A. Diagnostic yield of methylene blue chromoendoscopy for detecting specialized intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus: A meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;69:1021–1028
  33. Olliver JR, Wild CP, Sahay P, et al. Chromoendoscopy with methylene blue and associated DNA damage in Barrett's oesophagus. Lancet. 2003;362:373–374
  34. Sharma P, Bansal A, Mathur S, et al. The utility of a novel narrow band imaging endoscopy system in patients with Barrett's esophagus. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;64:167–175
  35. Gono K, Obi T, Yamaguchi M, et al. Appearance of enhanced tissue features in narrow-band endoscopic imaging. J Biomed Opt. 2004;9:568–577
  36. Anagnostopoulos GK, Yao K, Kaye P, et al. Novel endoscopic observation in Barrett's oesophagus using high resolution magnification endoscopy and narrow band imaging. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007;26:501–507
  37. Kara MA, Ennahachi M, Fockens P, et al. Detection and classification of the mucosal and vascular patterns (mucosal morphology) in Barrett's esophagus by using narrow band imaging. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;64:155–166
  38. Sharma P, Bansal A, Hawes R, et al. Detection of metaplasia (IM) and neoplasia in patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE) using high-definition white light endoscopy (HD-WLE) versus narrow band imaging (NBI): A prospective, multi-center, randomized, crossover trial. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;69:AB135
  39. Sharma P, Bansal A. Toward better imaging of Barrett's esophagus—See more, biopsy less!. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;64:188–192
  40. Gheorghe C. Narrow-band imaging endoscopy for diagnosis of malignant and premalignant gastrointestinal lesions. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2006;15:77–82
  41. Wolfsen HC, Crook JE, Krishna M, et al. Prospective, controlled tandem endoscopy study of narrow band imaging for dysplasia detection in Barrett's esophagus. Gastroenterology. 2008;135:24–31
  42. Meining A, Saur D, Bajbouj M, et al. In vivo histopathology for detection of gastrointestinal neoplasia with a portable, confocal miniprobe: An examiner blinded analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;5:1261–1267
  43. Becker V, Vercauteren T, von Weyhern CH, et al. High-resolution miniprobe-based confocal microscopy in combination with video mosaicing (with video). Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;66:1001–1007
  44. Wallace MB, Abrams J, Bajbouj M, et al. Accuracy and inter-observer agreement of experts for probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy detection of dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;69:AB351
  45. Dunbar KB, Okolo P, Montgomery E, et al. Confocal laser endomicroscopy in Barrett's esophagus and endoscopically inapparent Barrett's neoplasia: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled, crossover trial. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;70:645–654
  46. Kiesslich R, Gossner L, Goetz M, et al. In vivo histology of Barrett's esophagus and associated neoplasia by confocal laser endomicroscopy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;4:979–987
  47. Polglase AL, McLaren WJ, Skinner SA, et al. A fluorescence confocal endomicroscope for in vivo microscopy of the upper- and the lower-GI tract. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005;62:686–695
  48. Pohl H, Rosch T, Vieth M, et al. Miniprobe confocal laser microscopy for the detection of invisible neoplasia in patients with Barrett's oesophagus. Gut. 2008;57:1648–1653
  49. Pohl H, Koch M, Khalifa A, et al. Evaluation of endocytoscopy in the surveillance of patients with Barrett's esophagus. Endoscopy. 2007;39:492–496
  50. Eberl T, Jechart G, Probst A, et al. Can an endocytoscope system (ECS) predict histology in neoplastic lesions?. Endoscopy. 2007;39:497–501
  51. Kara M, DaCosta RS, Wilson BC, et al. Autofluorescence-based detection of early neoplasia in patients with Barrett's esophagus. Dig Dis. 2004;22:134–141
  52. Buchner AM, Wallace MB. Future expectations in digestive endoscopy: Competition with other novel imaging techniques. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2008;22:971–987
  53. Reddymasu SC, Sharma P. Advances in endoscopic imaging of the esophagus. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2008;37:763–774vii
  54. Niepsuj K, Niepsuj G, Cebula W, et al. Autofluorescence endoscopy for detection of high-grade dysplasia in short-segment Barrett's esophagus. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003;58:715–719
  55. Kara MA, Peters FP, Ten Kate FJ, et al. Endoscopic video autofluorescence imaging may improve the detection of early neoplasia in patients with Barrett's esophagus. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005;61:679–685
  56. Curvers WL, Singh R, Song LM, et al. Endoscopic tri-modal imaging for detection of early neoplasia in Barrett's oesophagus: A multi-centre feasibility study using high-resolution endoscopy, autofluorescence imaging and narrow band imaging incorporated in one endoscopy system. Gut. 2008;57:167–172
  57. Borovicka J, Fischer J, Neuweiler J, et al. Autofluorescence endoscopy in surveillance of Barrett's esophagus: A multicenter randomized trial on diagnostic efficacy. Endoscopy. 2006;38:867–872
  58. Wilson BC. Detection and treatment of dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus: A pivotal challenge in translating biophotonics from bench to bedside. J Biomed Opt. 2007;12:051401
  59. Georgakoudi I, Jacobson BC, Van Dam J, et al. Fluorescence, reflectance, and light-scattering spectroscopy for evaluating dysplasia in patients with Barrett's esophagus. Gastroenterology. 2001;120:1620–1629
  60. Wallace MB, Perelman LT, Backman V, et al. Endoscopic detection of dysplasia in patients with Barrett's esophagus using light-scattering spectroscopy. Gastroenterology. 2000;119:677–682
  61. Kendall C, Stone N, Shepherd N, et al. Raman spectroscopy, a potential tool for the objective identification and classification of neoplasia in Barrett's oesophagus. J Pathol. 2003;200:602–609
  62. Wong Kee Song LM. Optical spectroscopy for the detection of dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005;3:S2–S7
  63. Panjehpour M, Overholt BF, Schmidhammer JL, et al. Spectroscopic diagnosis of esophageal cancer: New classification model, improved measurement system. Gastrointest Endosc. 1995;41:577–581
  64. Mayinger B, Horner P, Jordan M, et al. Endoscopic fluorescence spectroscopy in the upper GI tract for the detection of GI cancer: Initial experience. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;96:2616–2621
  65. Bourg-Heckly G, Blais J, Padilla JJ, et al. Endoscopic ultraviolet-induced autofluorescence spectroscopy of the esophagus: Tissue characterization and potential for early cancer diagnosis. Endoscopy. 2000;32:756–765
  66. Brand S, Wang TD, Schomacker KT, et al. Detection of high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus by spectroscopy measurement of 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX fluorescence. Gastrointest Endosc. 2002;56:479–487
  67. von Holstein CS, Nilsson AM, Andersson-Engels S, et al. Detection of adenocarcinoma in Barrett's oesophagus by means of laser induced fluorescence. Gut. 1996;39:711–716
  68. Ortner MA, Ebert B, Hein E, et al. Time gated fluorescence spectroscopy in Barrett's oesophagus. Gut. 2003;52:28–33
  69. Bouma BE, Tearney GJ, Compton CC, et al. High-resolution imaging of the human esophagus and stomach in vivo using optical coherence tomography. Gastrointest Endosc. 2000;51:467–474
  70. Evans JA, Poneros JM, Bouma BE, et al. Optical coherence tomography to identify intramucosal carcinoma and high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;4:38–43
  71. Qi X, Sivak MV, Isenberg G, et al. Computer-aided diagnosis of dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus using endoscopic optical coherence tomography. J Biomed Opt. 2006;11:044010

 The author reports no direct financial interests that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted manuscript.

PII: S1096-2883(10)00003-3

doi: 10.1016/j.tgie.2010.01.002

Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Volume 12, Issue 1 , Pages 2-11 , January 2010