« Previous
Next »
Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Volume 12, Issue 2
, Pages 69-81
, April 2010
Histopathology of Barrett's esophagus: A review for the practicing gastroenterologist
References
- . The lower end of the oesophagus. Thorax. 1961;16:36–41
- . The diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus: Goblets, goblets, goblets. Gastrointest Endosc. 1996;44:91–95
- Histology of the gastroesophageal junction: An autopsy study. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000;24:402–409
- Histologic classification of patients based on mapping biopsies of the gastroesophageal junction. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003;27:929–936
- The gastric cardia: Fact or fiction?. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;95:921–924
- Morphology of the cardia and significance of carditis in pediatric patients. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;26:1032–1039
- The gastric cardia: To be or not to be?. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003;27:499–504
- The normal anatomy around the oesophagogastric junction: A histopathologic view and its correlation with endoscopy. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2008;22:569–583
- Differences in the definitions used for esophageal and gastric diseases in different countries (Endoscopic definition of the esophagogastric junction, the precursor of Barrett's adenocarcinoma, the definition of Barrett's esophagus, and histologic criteria for mucosal adenocarcinoma or high-grade dysplasia). Digestion. 2009;80:248–257
- The development and validation of an endoscopic grading system for Barrett's esophagus: The Prague C and M criteria. Gastroenterology. 2006;131:1392–1399
- Lower esophageal palisade vessels and the definition of Barrett's esophagus. Dis Esophagus. 2008;21:645–649
- . Updated guidelines for the diagnosis, surveillance, and therapy of Barrett's esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97:1888–1895
- A critical review of the diagnosis and management of Barrett's esophagus: The AGA, Chicago workshop. Gastroenterology. 2004;127:310–330
- . Updated guidelines 2008 for the diagnosis, surveillance and therapy of Barrett's esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103:788–797
- . New British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guidelines for the diagnosis and management of Barrett's oesophagus. Gut. 2006;55:442
- The histologic spectrum of Barrett's esophagus. N Engl J Med. 1976;295:476–480
- . Metaplastic columnar cells in Barrett's esophagus: A common and neglected cell type. Hum Pathol. 1996;27:885–889
- . Musculo-fibrous anomaly in Barrett's mucosa with dysplasia. Am J Surg Pathol. 1988;12:885–889
- Double muscularis mucosae in Barrett's esophagus. Hum Pathol. 1991;22:1158–1161
- Duplication of the muscularis mucosae in Barrett esophagus: An underrecognized feature and its implication for staging of adenocarcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007;31:1719–1725
- . Muscularis mucosae duplication and the musculo-fibrous anomaly in endoscopic mucosal resections for Barrett esophagus: Implications for staging of adenocarcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2008;32:566–571
- Adenocarcinoma complicating columnar epithelium-lined (Barrett's) esophagus. Am J Clin Pathol. 1978;70:1–5
- Barrett's esophagus (Comparison of benign and malignant cases). Ann Surg. 1983;198:554–565
- The spectrum of carcinoma arising in Barrett's esophagus (A clinicopathologic study of 26 patients). Am J Surg Pathol. 1984;8:563–573
- Surgical pathology of adenocarcinoma arising in Barrett's esophagus (Analysis of 67 cases). Am J Surg Pathol. 1995;19:183–191
- Adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction and Barrett's esophagus. Gastroenterology. 1995;109:1541–1546
- Pathology of early invasive adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or esophagogastric junction: Implications for therapeutic decision making. Cancer. 2000;88:2429–2437
- Is intestinal metaplasia a necessary precursor lesion for adenocarcinomas of the distal esophagus, gastroesophageal junction and gastric cardia?. Dis Esophagus. 2007;20:36–41
- Diagnostic inconsistencies in Barrett's esophagus (Department of Veterans Affairs Gastroesophageal Reflux Study Group). Gastroenterology. 1994;107:945–949
- Endoscopic surveillance of columnar-lined esophagus: Frequency of intestinal metaplasia detection and impact of antireflux surgery. Ann Surg. 2001;234:619–626
- Distribution and significance of epithelial types in columnar-lined esophagus. Am J Surg Pathol. 2001;25:1188–1193
- Yield of intestinal metaplasia in patients with suspected short-segment Barrett's esophagus (SSBE) on repeat endoscopy. Dig Dis Sci. 2002;47:2108–2111
- Detection of intestinal metaplasia in Barrett's esophagus: An observational comparator study suggests the need for a minimum of eight biopsies. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:1154–1161
- Chromosomal analysis of Barrett's cells: Demonstration of instability and detection of the metaplastic lineage involved. Mod Pathol. 2007;20:788–796
- Intestinal differentiation in metaplastic, nongoblet columnar epithelium in the esophagus. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009;33:1006–1015
- Metaplastic esophageal columnar epithelium without goblet cells shows DNA content abnormalities similar to goblet cell-containing epithelium. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104:816–824
- Relevance of the detection of intestinal metaplasia in non-dysplastic columnar-lined oesophagus. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2008;43:524–530
- Barrett's oesophagus: Intestinal metaplasia is not essential for cancer risk. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2007;42:1271–1274
- Observer variation in the diagnosis of dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Hum Pathol. 1988;19:166–178
- Flow-cytometric and histological progression to malignancy in Barrett's esophagus: Prospective endoscopic surveillance of a cohort. Gastroenterology. 1992;102:1212–1219
- An endoscopic biopsy protocol can differentiate high-grade dysplasia from early adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus. Gastroenterology. 1993;105:40–50
- . Prospective multivariate analysis of clinical, endoscopic, and histological factors predictive of the development of Barrett's multifocal high-grade dysplasia or adenocarcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999;94:3413–3419
- Long-term follow-up of Barrett's high-grade dysplasia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;95:1888–1893
- Predictors of progression to cancer in Barrett's esophagus: Baseline histology and flow cytometry identify low- and high-risk patient subsets. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;95:1669–1676
- The diagnosis of low-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus and its implications for disease progression. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;95:3383–3387
- Dysplasia as a predictive marker for invasive carcinoma in Barrett esophagus: A follow-up study based on 138 cases from a diagnostic variability study. Hum Pathol. 2001;32:379–388
- Reproducibility of the diagnosis of dysplasia in Barrett esophagus: A reaffirmation. Hum Pathol. 2001;32:368–378
- Extent of high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus correlates with risk of adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2001;120:1630–1639
- Long-term nonsurgical management of Barrett's esophagus with high-grade dysplasia. Gastroenterology. 2001;120:1607–1619
- p53 protein overexpression in low grade dysplasia (LGD) in Barrett's esophagus: Immunohistochemical marker predictive of progression. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;96:1355–1362
- p53 expression in low grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus: Correlation with interobserver agreement and disease progression. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97:2508–2513
- Risk stratification of Barrett's esophagus: Updated prospective multivariate analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99:1657–1666
- Dysplasia and risk of further neoplastic progression in a regional Veterans Administration, Barrett's cohort. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100:775–783
- Dysplasia and cancer in a large multicenter cohort of patients with Barrett's esophagus. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006;4:566–572
- Extent of low-grade dysplasia is a risk factor for the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:483–493
- Barrett's dysplasia and the Vienna classification: Reproducibility, prediction of progression and impact of consensus reporting and p53 immunohistochemistry. Histopathology. 2009;54:699–712
- Dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease: Standardized classification with provisional clinical applications. Hum Pathol. 1983;14:931–968
- . Review of histological classifications of gastrointestinal epithelial neoplasia: Differences in diagnosis of early carcinomas between Japanese and Western pathologists. J Gastroenterol. 2001;36:445–456
- The Vienna classification of gastrointestinal epithelial neoplasia. Gut. 2000;47:251–255
- Morphologic features are useful in distinguishing Barrett esophagus from carditis with intestinal metaplasia. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007;31:1733–1741
- . Diagnosis and grading of dysplasia in Barrett's oesophagus. J Clin Pathol. 2006;59:1029–1038
- Crypt dysplasia with surface maturation: A clinical, pathologic, and molecular study of a Barrett's esophagus cohort. Am J Surg Pathol. 2006;30:423–435
- DNA ploidy abnormalities in basal and superficial regions of the crypts in Barrett's esophagus and associated neoplastic lesions. Am J Surg Pathol. 2008;32:1327–1335
- Nonadenomatous dysplasia in Barrett esophagus: A clinical, pathologic, and DNA content flow cytometric study. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009;33:886–893
- Outcome of surgical treatment for early adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or gastro-esophageal junction. Virchows Arch. 2005;446:497–504
- Significance of the depth of tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis in superficially invasive (T1) esophageal adenocarcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2005;29:1079–1085
- Variable pathologic interpretation of columnar lined esophagus by general pathologists in community practice. Gastrointest Endosc. 1999;50:23–26
- Observer variation in the diagnosis of superficial oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Gut. 2002;51:671–676
- Grading of dysplasia in Barrett's oesophagus: Substantial interobserver variation between general and gastrointestinal pathologists. Histopathology. 2007;50:920–927
- Poor interobserver agreement in the distinction of high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma in pretreatment Barrett's esophagus biopsies. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103:2333–2340quiz:41
- Length of Barrett's oesophagus: An important factor in the development of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. Gut. 1992;33:1155–1158
- Risk factors for the development of an adenocarcinoma in columnar-lined (Barrett) esophagus (The Rotterdam Esophageal Tumor Study Group). Cancer. 1993;72:1155–1158
- Prospective long-term endoscopic and histological follow-up of short segment Barrett's esophagus: Comparison with traditional long segment Barrett's esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol. 1997;92:407–413
- Effect of segment length on risk for neoplastic progression in patients with Barrett esophagus. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:612–620
- Are ulcers a marker for invasive carcinoma in Barrett's esophagus? (Data from a diagnostic variability study with clinical follow-up). Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97:27–31
- . Polypoid dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus: A clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular study of five cases. Hum Pathol. 1999;30:745–752
- p16(INK4a) lesions are common, early abnormalities that undergo clonal expansion in Barrett's metaplastic epithelium. Cancer Res. 2001;61:8284–8289
- Selectively advantageous mutations and hitchhikers in neoplasms: p16 lesions are selected in Barrett's esophagus. Cancer Res. 2004;64:3414–3427
- Genetic clonal diversity predicts progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Nat Genet. 2006;38:468–473
- Can extent of high grade dysplasia in Barrett's oesophagus predict the presence of adenocarcinoma at oesophagectomy?. Gut. 2003;52:486–489
- p53 protein accumulation in Barrett's metaplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma: A follow-up study. Gastroenterology. 1993;105:1637–1642
- Flow cytometric DNA analysis and p53 protein expression show a good correlation with histologic findings in patients with Barrett's esophagus. Cancer. 1998;83:641–651
- Ki67 and p53 immunohistochemistry reduces interobserver variation in assessment of Barrett's oesophagus. Histopathology. 2005;46:642–648
- Barrett's esophagus: Cell cycle abnormalities in advancing stages of neoplastic progression. Gastroenterology. 1993;105:119–129
- Clonal expansion and loss of heterozygosity at chromosomes 9p and 17p in premalignant esophageal (Barrett's) tissue. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999;91:2087–2095
- Predictors of progression in Barrett's esophagus III: Baseline flow cytometric variables. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;96:3071–3083
- Predictors of progression in Barrett's esophagus II: Baseline 17p (p53) loss of heterozygosity identifies a patient subset at increased risk for neoplastic progression. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001;96:2839–2848
- DNA promoter hypermethylation of p16 and APC predicts neoplastic progression in Barrett's esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104:2153–2160
- Long-term survival following endoscopic and surgical treatment of high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Gastroenterology. 2007;132:1226–1233
- Endoscopic and surgical treatment of mucosal (T1a) esophageal adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus. Gastroenterology. 2009;137:815–823
- Esophageal adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus after endoscopic ablative therapy: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104:502–513
- Radiofrequency ablation in Barrett's esophagus with dysplasia. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:2277–2288
- The histopathology of treated Barrett's esophagus: Squamous reepithelialization after acid suppression and laser and photodynamic therapy. Am J Surg Pathol. 1998;22:239–245
- Biologic properties of columnar epithelium underneath reepithelialized squamous mucosa in Barrett's esophagus. Am J Surg Pathol. 2005;29:372–380
- Squamous islands in Barrett's esophagus: What lies underneath?. Am J Gastroenterol. 1998;93:332–335
- Histopathologic aspects of photodynamic therapy for dysplasia and early adenocarcinoma arising in Barrett's esophagus. Am J Surg Pathol. 2004;28:1466–1473
- Photothermal laser ablation of Barrett's oesophagus: Endoscopic and histological evidence of squamous re-epithelialisation. Gut. 1997;41:281–284
- Balloon-based, circumferential, endoscopic radiofrequency ablation of Barrett's esophagus: 1-Year follow-up of 100 patients. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;65:185–195
- Properties of the neosquamous epithelium after radiofrequency ablation of Barrett's esophagus containing neoplasia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104:1366–1373
- Neosquamous epithelium does not typically arise from Barrett's epithelium. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12:1701–1706
- Phenotypic characteristics of a distinctive multilayered epithelium suggests that it is a precursor in the development of Barrett's esophagus. Am J Surg Pathol. 2001;25:569–578
- Restoration of squamous mucosa after ablation of Barrett's esophageal epithelium. Gastroenterology. 1993;104:1686–1691
- Individual crypt genetic heterogeneity and the origin of metaplastic glandular epithelium in human Barrett's oesophagus. Gut. 2008;57:1041–1048
- Bone marrow progenitor cells contribute to esophageal regeneration and metaplasia in a rat model of Barrett's esophagus. Dis Esophagus. 2008;21:43–50
- . Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in development and pathologies. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2003;15:740–746
- Intramucosal adenocarcinoma arising under squamous re-epithelialisation of Barrett's oesophagus. Gut. 2000;46:574–577
- A prospective pilot trial of ablation of Barrett's esophagus with low-grade dysplasia using stepwise circumferential and focal ablation (HALO system). Endoscopy. 2008;40:380–387
- Buried Barrett's epithelium following photodynamic therapy shows reduced crypt proliferation and absence of DNA content abnormalities. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103:38–47
- Genomic analysis of Barrett's esophagus after ablative therapy: Persistence of genetic alterations at tumor suppressor loci. Int J Cancer. 2006;118:155–160
- Persistent genetic abnormalities in Barrett's esophagus after photodynamic therapy. Gastroenterology. 2000;119:624–630
- Curative endoscopic resection of early esophageal adenocarcinomas (Barrett's cancer). Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;65:3–10
- Management of superficial Barrett's epithelium-related neoplasms by endoscopic mucosal resection: Clinicopathologic analysis of 27 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2005;29:680–686
- Significance of neoplastic involvement of margins obtained by endoscopic mucosal resection in Barrett's esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:2380–2386
- Histological analysis of endoscopic resection specimens from 326 patients with Barrett's esophagus and early neoplasia. Endoscopy. 2004;36:776–781
- Endoscopic mucosal resection for gastric epithelial neoplasms: A study of 39 cases with emphasis on the evaluation of specimens and recommendations for optimal pathologic analysis. Mod Pathol. 2004;17:2–8
- Early adenocarcinoma in Barrett's oesophagus. Br J Surg. 1997;84:1470–1473
- EUS followed by EMR for staging of high-grade dysplasia and early cancer in Barrett's esophagus. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005;62:16–23
- EMR for Barrett's esophagus-related superficial neoplasms offers better diagnostic reproducibility than mucosal biopsy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;66:660–666
- . Histopathology of Barrett's esophagus after ablation and endoscopic mucosal resection therapy. Endoscopy. 2008;40:1008–1015
The authors report no direct financial interests that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted manuscript.
PII: S1096-2883(10)00019-7
doi: 10.1016/j.tgie.2010.02.008
© 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
Techniques in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Volume 12, Issue 2
, Pages 69-81
, April 2010
